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 Wildflower Planting

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PLANTING WILDFLOWERS

When to Plant: The best time to plant in your area depends on the climate and rainfall patterns as well as the species you are planting. In cool climates, plant annuals, perennials or mixtures of annuals and perennials in spring, early summer or late fall. Fall plantings should be late enough so that seeds do not germinate until spring. Perennials can also be sown in early fall provided that there are at least 10-12 weeks of growing time before the plants go dormant for the winter. In mild climates, plant during the cooler months of the year, fall through spring, for best results.

Site Preparation: Before planting, remove all weeds and grasses; best results will be obtained by planting on cleared ground. Remove existing vegetation by pulling, tilling under, spraying with a general herbicide, or by a combination of these methods. Loosen compacted soil by scraping, tilling or scarifying. Tilling should be utilized only when soil is very compacted and further weed control measures can be taken.  Read more about Site Prep.

Planting Rate: A minimum and maximum planting rate is given for each mixture. A planting rate in the minimum range is usually sufficient to establish a good stand of wildflowers on prepared soil with adequate maintenance. The maximum rate is recommended when adequate soil preparation and weed control are impossible, or when a maximum display is required. Avoid using more than the recommended rates since poor perennial establishment may result.

Planting Depth: If seeds are broadcast, rake in LIGHTLY, covering seeds no more than 2-3 times their thickness (some seeds will show on surface of soil). If seeds are drilled, drill to a maximum of 1/4 inch. If hydroseeding is the method of application, hydromulching will provide a top cover.

Moisture: Planted areas MUST be kept consistently moist for 4-6 weeks during the growing season until seedlings are well established. During this period, daily watering may be necessary if rainfall is inadequate. Thereafter, watering should be gradually reduced.

HOW OFTEN SHOULD YOU RESEED? (Click for more)
Many people prefer the vibrant, long lasting colors that are provided by annuals. In most parts of North America, there is just one way to create annual color year after year...
 
By reseeding each year
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Additional Site Preparation Info:
Proper site preparation is important for prompt germination of seed and healthy growth of seedlings. Best results will be obtained by planting on cleared ground. Remove existing vegetation to avoid competition from other plants. This may be done by pulling, tilling under, spraying with a general herbicide, or by a combination of these methods, depending upon the size of the area, type and density of vegetation and other factors. Loosen soil by scraping, tilling or scarifying.  Tilling should be used utilized only when soil is very compacted and further weed control measures can be taken.  Specific recommendations are given under the heading "Weed Control".

Seed Application
Method of application depends on the size of the area and the terrain. On small areas, broadcast seeds evenly ether by hand or by use of a drop or cyclone spreader.  It a helpful to mix a carrier such as clean, dry sand with the seed; sand adds volume and aids in even distribution of your seeds. We recommend using a ratio of 1 or 2 parts sand to 1 part seed. Rake in lightly covering seeds to a maximum depth of 2-3 times their thickness. Or drag the area lightly with a piece of chain link fence to mix the seed into the surface of the soil. For seeding large areas over one acre, specially designed seed drills are most effective. Drill to a maximum of 1/4 inch and firm soil with a cultipacker; this maximizes seed/soil contact.


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 Wildflowermix.com - HYDROSEEDING

Hydro seeding
Hydroseeders are also effective, especially for steep slopes, rocky terrain and other areas where conditions make it impractical for walking or driving equipment. Hydroseeding is the application of a slurry of seed and water to soil . The slurry may also contain mulch (hydromulching), a tackifier and fertilizer. Mulches are made of wood fiber, paper or excelsior, and their purpose is to hold seeds in place, help retain moisture and provide protection from erosion; mulches are usually dyed green as a visual aid in even distribution.

Hydro seeding Rates of application for most mulches are between 1500 and 2300 pounds per acre. In general, hydroseeding / hydro-mulching is most successful in moist climates or in irrigated areas.   Most authorities agree that germination is better when seeds are applied first with 5 to 10% of the mulching fiber -- the balance at the mulch being applied separately as a second step. This approach ensures optimal seed/soil contact, otherwise, many seeds are wasted because they became suspended in the mulch fiber and do not germinate well in this location.  It is important that proper procedures are followed to minimize the amount of time that seeds are circulated through pumps or paddles prior to application. Over-circulation may damage the seeds.

 Wildflowermix.com - IRRIGATION & FERTILIZERS

Moisture / Irrigation
All seeds, including wildflowers, need ample moisture to germinate and to develop into healthy seedlings. Best results will be obtained by soaking the planted areas thoroughly and maintaining consistent moisture for 4 to 6 weeks -- then gradually reducing waterings In non-irrigated situations, plant in the spring or before periods at anticipated rainfall. After seedlings are established, watering may he reduced depending on the climate and rainfall. In arid climates or during drought conditions, up to 1/2 inch of supplemental water per week may be required to maintain an optimal display.  If weeds are present, remember that they benefit from moisture as much as the wildflowers and may dominate over watered areas.

Fertilization
Many wildflowers benefit from some fertilization if the soil does not have adequate nutrients. Some wildflowers do fine in poor soils while others require a more fertile environment. We recommend that a soil test be performed when soil quality is unknown. If the soil needs improvement, use a low nitrogen fertilizer with a 5-10-10 ratio or add organic matter such as weed-free straw or grass clippings, well rotted compost, peat moss, or leaf mold. In addition to adding nutrients, organic materials enhance the soil structure and encourage beneficial microorganisms. Avoid over-fertilizing which may promote weed growth and lush foliage rather than flowers.

 Wildflowermix.com - WEED CONTROL

Weed Control
Weed control ‘s the biggest problem facing plant establishment and one which has no easy solution. Weed seeds are present in many situations and lie dormant, but viable for long periods. A weedy area converted to wildflowers will have a large reservoir of weed seeds in the soil ready to germinate when conditions are favorable.  In most cases it is advisable to consider weed control in two phases—as part of site preparation prior to planting, and as an important component of the post germination maintenance program.

Procedure for Weed Control:
Before planting, remove existing weeds by pulling, tilling under, applying a glyphosate herbicide such as Roundup®. or by a combination of these methods. For additional weed control after site preparation, a soil fumigant may he used, or the area may do irrigated to encourage weed growth and then sprayed with a general herbicide. In very weedy areas the following method is suggested:

  • (1) Till soil or spray vegetation with Roundup®. When using a herbicide, allow vegetation to die, then rake out the dead debris. If perennial weeds such as bindweed are present using an herbicide is more effective than tilling.
  • (2) Irrigate to encourage germination of weed seeds near the surface; most seeds will germinate within two weeks if consistent moisture a available.  Do not till the soil again because this will bring even more weed seeds up to the surface, where they may germinate.
  • (3) Spray any new growth with Roundup®*.
  • (4) After raking out dead vegetation, allow soil to recover for 3 to 4 weeks before planting seed. From our experience, a recovery period at this duration a advisable because extensive use of glyphosate herbicides may cause a delay in germination and in the vigorous growth of new wildflower seedlings.

Weed Control After Germination:
Once the seeds have germinated, further weed control is usually necessary. If practical, pull all weeds as soon as they can do identified. Other successful techniques are spot spraying with a general herbicide or selectively cutting weeds with a string trimmer.  Be sure to remove weeds before they reseed.
Many unwanted annual and some perennial grasses can be controlled with the herbicides such as Grass-B-Gone®*, Ornamec®tm and Fusilade®* if registered for use in your state. These post-emergent chemicals do not affect broad-leaved plants so they can he applied over existing flowers; they are most effective when sprayed on new growth and young plants. Take care to avoid treating areas with desirable native grasses or fescues.
*Observe all precautions and follow manufacturers recommendations for applications of chemicals. Consult with your local cooperative extension agent concerning chemicals legal for use in your area and restrictions that must be observed.

 Wildflowermix.com - WHAT TO EXPECT

What to Expect

Wildflowers can provide an excellent, low cost alternative in large-scale, high main­tenance situations, as well as a satisfying change from traditional urban landscaping. However, during their initial establishment period, wildflowers require as much maintenance as traditional plantings. A smooth, weed and vegetation-free planting bed is important for good seed-soil contact and prompt germination. Avoid seeding more than the recommended rate since overseeding can result in crowded conditions the first year and poor establishment of perennials. Cover seeds lightly to protect them from drying out during germination, and to prevent them from being eaten by birds. Consistent moisture is important for 4 - 6 weeks after planting.

A wildflower planting requires the same weed control measures as traditional land­scaping. Effective measures include site preparation prior to planting and a post- germination maintenance program. Most of our wildflower mixes contain annual, biennial and perennial species. The annuals, which may not be native to your area, are included to assure maximum color during the first season and to act as a nurse crop for the slower-growing perennials. Annuals germinate quickly when conditions are favorable, providing a quick ground cover and competition against weeds. Annuals may come back to a limited degree the second year but generally will not be as dense as first year plantings. Natural reseeding of annuals ranges from significant to minimal, depending on the species, cli­mate, soil texture and other factors.

Most perennial and biennial species begin to bloom the second season, but not as profusely as annuals. Therefore, wildflower plantings will look noticeably different after the first year.  Perennials do not normally bloom the first year. Sometimes it is desirable or even necessary to sow seed in second and subsequent years. Reseeding may be necessary if establishment of wildflowers is spotty or poor. It is possible to reseed bare areas with the original mixture. Loosen soil of bare areas and provide adequate weed control and supplemental irrigation as needed. Where natural reseeding of annuals is minimal, sowing annuals each spring can produce a magnificent annual and perennial display throughout the growing season. If desired, wildflowers may be mowed in the fall following seed set. Mow to a height of 4-6 inches, and leave the residue on the ground because it is a reservoir of viable seeds.

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 WILDFLOWER HELP
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NOTE: The color of flowers viewed in digital pictures on this site will vary depending on the monitor used and display settings.  The actual grow-out color of any wildflower species will depend on many unknown variables including site fertility, weather, time of year, lighting effects for the time of day, etc. Colors of any one flower usually will vary in shade from pictures available on this site or from the same or similar flowers grown at different locations. While we make every effort to try and present the most likely true color of wildflowers on this site, pictures shown are not guaranteed to be true to color.
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 Alyssum, Carpet-Snow
 Alyssum, Dwarf Sw Pink
 Alyssum, Dwarf Sw.Pur.
 Alyssum, Sweet
 Aster, Bigelow's
 Aster, China
 Aster, Golden
 Aster, New England
 Aster, Prairie
 Aster, Sky Blue
 Aster, Smooth
 Aster, White Upland
 Baby Blue-Eyes
 Baby's Breath, Annual
 Baby's Breath, PER.
 Balsamroot, Arrowleaf
 Basket of Gold
 Beardtongue, Nar. Lf
 Beeplant, Rocky Mtn.
 Bellflower, Tussock
 Bergamot
 Bird's Eyes
 Bishop's Flower
 Black-Eyed Susan
 Black-Eyed Susan Sw.
 Black-Eyed Susan vine
 Blazing Star
 Blazing Star, Rough
 Blood Flower
 Bluebell, California
 Bluebonnet, Texas
 Boneset
 Bundleflower, Illinois
 Calendula
 Candytuft, Annual
 Candytuft, Perennial
 Catchfly
 Catchfly, Nodding
 Chamomile, Roman
 Chicory
 Chinese Forget-me-not
 Chinese Houses
 Clarkia
 Clarkia, Deerhorn
 Clover, Crimson
 Clover, Prairie Purple
 Clover, Prairie White
 Clover, Round Bush
 Columbine, Blue
 Columbine, Dwarf
 Columbine, Eastern
 Columbine, Mix Colors
 Compass Plant
 Coneflower, Clasping
 Coneflower, Cutleaf
 Coneflower, Dwarf Red
 Coneflower, Grey-Head
 Coneflower, MexicanHat
 Coneflower, Narrow-lf
 Coneflower, Pale Purple
 Coneflower, Prairie
 Coneflower, Purple
 Coneflower, Yellow
 Coreopsis, Dwarf Lance
 Coreopsis, Dwarf Plains
 Coreopsis, Red Plains
 Coreopsis, Lance-leaf
 Coreopsis, Plains
 Cornflower - Polka Dot
 Cornflower, Blue
 Cornflower, Dwarf Blue
 Cosmos
 Cosmos, Dwarf
 Cosmos, Sulphur
 Cup Plant
 Daisy, African
 Daisy, Creeping
 Daisy, Dwarf Shasta
 Daisy, Engleman
 Daisy, English
 Daisy, Fleabane
 Daisy, Garland
 Daisy, Gloriosa
 Daisy, Ox-Eye
 Daisy, Painted
 Daisy, Shasta
 Daisy, Sleepy
 Daisy, Yellow
 Dame's Rocket
 Edelweiss
 Five-Spot
 Flax, Blue
 Flax,Scarlet
 Forget-Me-Not
 Four-O'Clock
 Foxglove
 Gaillardia, Annual
 Gaillardia, Per. Dwarf
 Gaillardia, Perennial
 Gaillardia, Yellow
 Gaura
 Gayfeather
 Gayfeather, Thickspike
 Gilia
 Gilia, Globe
 Gilia, Scarlet
 Globemallow, Goose Lf
 Globemallow, Scarlet
 Godetia, Dwarf
 Godetia, Lilac
 Goldeneye, Showy
 Goldenrod, Rigid
 Golden Alexander
 Goldfields
 Greenthread
 Hyssop, Lavender
 Indian Paintbrush
 Iris, Wild Blue
 Ironweed, Prairie
 Johnny Jump-Up
 Larkspur, Rocket
 Larkspur, Western
 Leadplant
 Lupine, Arroyo
 Lupine, Mountain
 Lupine, Per. Purple
 Lupine, Russell
 Lupine, Yellow
 Mallow, Tree
 Maltese Cross
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